C. S. Peirce and the Square Root of Minus One: Quaternions and a Complex Approach to Classes of Signs and Categorical Degeneration

The beginning for C. S. Peirce was the reduction of the traditional categories in a list composed of a fundamental triad: quality, respect and representation. Thus, these three would be named as Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness, as well given the ability to degeneration. Here we show how this degeneration categorical is related to mathematical revolution which Peirce family, especially his father Benjamin Peirce, took part: the advent of quaternions by William Rowan Hamilton, a number system that extends the complex numbers, i.e. those numbers which consists of an imaginary unit built by the square root of minus one. This is a debate that can, and should, have contributions that take into account the role that mathematical analysis and linear algebra had in C. S. Peirce’s past

Media Parergon, Media Ergon: An Analytical Overview of the Grammar and Pragmatics of the Media Language

The present work has a central question: how a certain media distinguishes itself from the other communicational and linguistic apparatuses of the world. And with that, he turns on the big question of what each media practice would be. The hypothesis defended here is that each type of media, in its definition, is a language and not an apparatus. Using the concepts of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jacques Derrida, Jean-François Lyotard and John R. Searle, the concepts of parergon and ergon are discussed. Thus, there is the consideration that if the study of the parergon is a logical study, close to the philosophical debates of the Analytical Philosophy and of authors of Continental Philosophy that quoted Wittgenstein, the study of ergon is a pragmatic study, focused on the speech acts. Logic and Pragmatics do not enter here as competitors, but rather as analytical partners in the definition and study of a language. While the first one analyzes the clipping modes, the second analyzes the action made possible by its clipping

Phenomenological Tripod: Understanding Phenomenology's Episteme

The objective of this research essay is to understand the episteme of phenomenology using the recent construction of Mark D. Vagle which understands phenomenological knowledge as a conceptual tripod between encounters, way of living and crafting. There is here a preliminary view on the subject where it seeks to understand the phenomenology beyond its big names such as Husserl, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Sartre, among others. It is a phenomenology of vision for the twenty-first century, focusing on the epistemological and methodological construction of phenomenological research

On a phaneroscopy beyond human consciousness: Building a phenomenology of multiple realities

This essay wants to rescue the concept of phaneroscopy, created by Charles Sanders Peirce, to adapt it in a phenomenological condition of multiple realities. Therefore, in addition to review the reflection of Peirce, we visited the approach of phenomenology of multiple realities proposed by Alfred Schutz in his reading of William James. The idea is to seek a phenomenology that goes beyond the human consciousness to other research subjects

Speed and Sense-Data: Understanding the Senses as Tensors

This paper discuss the problem of motion within sense-data concept. Using the sense of speed as starting-point, we debate how it is possible to find a conceptual formulation that combines the idea of mental states with its physicalist criticism. The answer lies in the field of quantum mechanics and its concept of tensor, a geometric object that has a mathematical matrix representation. Thinking about examples taken from the car racing world, where the sense of speed is preponderant, we see how the mental condition of speed is represented matrix-like, tensor-like, rather than ephemerally as the more traditional sense-data formulation advocates

Efeitos sonoros enquanto fala audiovisual: Análise de Gerald McBoing-Boing à luz do §528 das Investigações Filosóficas

Dentro da produção da UPA, estúdio que buscou rivalizar esteticamente com os preceitos da Disney no cinema de animação nos anos 1950, Gerald McBoing-Boing é a personagem mais emblemática, estrelando quatro curtas de animação que representam os preceitos do estúdio. No entanto, o mote narrativo de McBoing-Boing é que ele não se comunica com sons, mas sim por efeitos sonoros, e se fazendo entender. Para entender quais são as possibilidades linguísticas desse uso sonoro e como ele não nos aparece enquanto algo surreal, analisaremos tal representação à luz da segunda filosofia de Ludwig Wittgenstein, cuja obra-chave são as Investigações Filosóficas. Concentrando no §528, o objetivo é mostrar como McBoing-Boing se encaixa em um fenômeno language-like, representando um ponto central na crítica estética da UPA

Silence in the Coffee Plantation: The Painting-poetics of Candido Portinari

This article wants to analyze how Candido Portinari in his paintings with rural theme, engages a poetry of silence. To understand the functioning of this poetic language, we will adopt the Groupe μ analysis method (both the General Rhetoric andthe Treatise on theVisual Sign). Whereas the language is manifold as the forms of representation, and it present in all media, whatever the lack of speech -silence -would find its richest form in both directions through the metaphors and metonymy engaged in metasememes of the paintings studied

Um Diálogo/Monólogo entre Augusto dos Anjos e Drummond

O presente artigo busca estabelecer uma análise comparativa entre dois grandes poetas brasileiros, Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Augusto dos Anjos. A comparação aqui estabelecida foi realizada especificamente através dos poemas Monólogo de uma Sombra, de Augusto dos Anjos, e O Relógio do Rosário, de Drummond. Sendo 2012 o ano do Centenário de EU, único livro de Augusto dos Anjos, é preponderante pensar como esta obra singular da poesia mundial exerceu a sua influência nos escritores posteriores, principalmente tomando-se por comparação um dos maiores poetas brasileiros. Assim, os dois poemas são aproximados através dos níveis expressivos de ambos: seus aspectos temáticos, suas aproximações temático-filosóficas, as regularidades de nível formal e também na intersecção entre estes aspectos. Através desta análise, tornou-se possível suscitar a breve hipótese de que O Relógio do Rosário é uma releitura/reescrita poética intencional — ainda que não declarada, já que não existem registros conhecidos sobre isso — de Monólogo de uma Sombra.Abstract This article seeks to establish a comparative analysis between two major brazilian poets: Carlos Drummond de Andrade and Augusto dos Anjos. This comparison was made specifically through the poems Monólogo de uma Sombra, (Monologue of a Shadow) of Augusto dos Anjos, and O Relógio do Rosário (The Clock of the Rosary), by Drummond. After the centenary of EU in 2012, the only book of Augusto dos Anjos, it became preponderant to think about how this singular work in world's poetry exerted his influence on later writers, especially by taking up one of the greatest brazilian poets as comparison term. Thus, the two poems are approximated here through all its significant levels: their thematic and philosophical aspects, the regularities on its formal levels and also at the intersection between these. Through this analysis, it became possible to raise the brief hypothesis that O Relógio do Rosário is an intentional poetic retelling/rewriting — even unreported, since there are no known records about it — of Monólogo de uma Sombra

Venezuela: mudanças políticas na era Chávez

THE DEMOCRATIC era in Venezuela dates from 1958. With the Hugo Chávez Administration, the nation is experiencing a true breach in its national political scene. Therefore it now becomes possible to identify a democratic Venezuela pre- and post-Chavez. This article tries to analyze the variables for political and institutional change in Venezuela in four specific moments: first, during the rise and fall of the Punto Fijo Pact; second, the building-up of the chavista phenomenon; third, the social and political polarization in Venezuela during Chavez Administration; and finally, Venezuela after the presidential referendum.A VENEZUELA da época democrática, que se inicia em 1958, tem na emergência política de Hugo Chávez seu marco divisor do cenário político: pode-se, desta forma, apontar uma Venezuela democrática pré e pós-Chávez. Este ensaio analisa, pois, os fatores da mudança político-institucional venezuelana em quatro momentos: durante o auge e a queda do Pacto de Punto Fijo; o início do fenômeno chavista e suas características; a polarização social e política na Venezuela de Chávez; e, por fim, a Venezuela pós-referendo presidencial

ARMAMENT MODERNIZATION IN SOUTH AMERICA: EMPIRICAL AND THEORETICAL PRESSURES ON THE DUALISTIC VIEWS OF REGIONAL SECURITY

A pesquisa que foca em sistemas de segurança na América do Sul costuma identificar a existência de dois subsistemas regional de segurança: um nos países andinos do Norte, de características mais tradicionais, com tensões militarizadas nas fronteiras e intensos problema de narcotráfico, e um segundo localizado no Cone sul, com regimes de segurança e integração, que teria condições de ser uma comunidade de segurança. A isso chamamos de visão dualista de segurança. Este artigo tenciona essa tese ao mostrar: primeiro, que desenvolvimentos contemporâneos, e preocupações, com a compra de armamento sofisticados, por parte de alguns países sul-americanos, especialmente o Chile a Venezuela e o Brasil nas duas primeiras décadas deste século é um ponto crítico que tenciona a ideia de uma zona permanente de paz (democrática) localizada unicamente no Cone Sul. Na verdade, compras de armamentos transformam a região da América do Sul num único complexo regional de segurança com tensões e representações militarizadas tanto no sistema andino como no Cone Sul.Research that focuses on security systems in South America usually identifies the existence of two regional security subsystems: one in the Andean countries of the North, with more traditional characteristics such as militarized tensions at the borders and intense drug trafficking problems; and a second one located in the Southern Cone, with security and integration regimes, which could qualify as a security community. This is what we call a dualistic view of security. This paper challenges this thesis to show that contemporary developments and concerns about the purchase of sophisticated weaponry by some South American countries, especially Chile, Venezuela, and Brazil in the first two decades of this century are critical points for the idea of a permanent (democratic) peace zone located only in the Southern Cone. In fact, arms purchases transform the South American region into a single regional security complex with tensions and militarized representations in both the Andean system and the Southern Cone